| |
| |
-
FREN 3200 - French Phonetics
Study and practice to correct typical difficulties encountered by students of French with Anglo-American patterns of pronunciation; also to study the teaching of French patterns.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: FREN 2000 with a minimum grade of “C”, or equivalent.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Proficiency 4: Foreign Languages.
|
| |
-
FREN 3220 - Life and Culture in France
A study of French civilization based on historical, geographical, literary considerations and art and how those factors illustrate the character and traditions of French people from the medieval period through the present day.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: FREN 3160 with a minimum grade of “C” or better.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Proficiency 4: Foreign Languages.
|
| |
-
FREN 3230 - Life and Culture in the Francophone World
An introduction to French-speaking culture outside France, as seen primarily through literary texts. Students will become acquainted with various aspects of life in French-speaking communities both past and present.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: FREN 3160 with a minimum grade of “C” or better.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Proficiency 4: Foreign Languages.
|
| |
-
FREN 3250 - Close Reading in French
Prose and verse readings of intrinsic literary and cultural merit, with emphasis on strategies for literary analysis.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: FREN 3160 with a minimum grade of “C” or better.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Proficiency 4: Foreign Languages.
|
| |
-
FREN 3260 - Introduction to the Study of French Linguistics
A general survey of the different fields of French linguistics, both theoretical (e.g., phonology, syntax) and applied (acquisition, sociolinguistics, dialectology). Prepares student for more specialized studies.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: FREN 3160 with a minimum grade of “C” or better.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Proficiency 4: Foreign Languages.
|
| |
-
FREN 4520 - Reading and Writing in French
Study of a limited number of literary texts as a contextual framework for review of French grammatical structures and practice in composition.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: FREN 3160 with a minimum grade of “C”, or equivalent.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Proficiency 4: Foreign Languages.
|
| |
-
FREN 4530 - Themes in French/Francophone Culture
Intensive development of communicative competence in French, oriented around the investigation and discussion of a theme or themes culturally relevant to French or Francophone societies (e.g., revolution past and present, decolonialisation, gender issues).
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: FREN 3160
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Proficiency 4: Foreign Languages.
|
| |
-
FREN 4540 - Business French
Course on contemporary French language and society as they relate to business and business practices in France. Intensive practice of written and oral French. This course will prepare the students for the internationally recognized “Diplôme de français professionnel B2” of the Paris Chamber of Commerce. Taught in French.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: FREN 3160 with a minimum grade of “C” and one other 3000-level course with a minimum grade of “C” or equivalent.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
FREN 4760 - Foreign Study - non WMU
Student participation in pre-approved program of study abroad that is not through Western Michigan University.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: Prior approval of departmental advisor or chairperson.
Credits: 1 to 16 hours
Notes: Repeatable for credit up to 32 credit hours.
When Offered: (Fall/Spring 1 to 16 hours) Summer I/II 1 to 8 hours
|
| |
-
FREN 4770 - Foreign Study
Student participation in a departmentally approved program of study abroad. Repeatable for credit up to 32 credit hours.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: Prior approval of departmental advisor and chairperson.
Credits: 1 to 16 hours
When Offered: (Fall-Spring 1 to 16 hours) Summer I/II 1 to 8 hours
|
| |
-
FREN 4900 - Studies in French Linguistics
Topics vary according to area and will be announced. May be repeated for credit.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: FREN 3160 with a minimum grade of “C”, or equivalent.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
FREN 5000 - Elementary French for Reading Proficiency
Intensive grammar and elementary reading for translation and research purposes. The course is primarily for the graduate who has had little or no study in the language. However, undergraduates who desire a thorough reading knowledge may also apply. No oral work.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: Undergraduates must secure permission of department.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: This course does not count toward a major or minor in French. Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
FREN 5010 - Intermediate French for Reading Proficiency
Readings in the language at intermediate and advanced levels for translation and research purposes. Special attention will be given to students’ major fields. Completion of FREN 5010 with a minimum of “B” constitutes graduate proficiency in the language.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: Undergraduates must secure permission of the Department.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: This course does not count toward a major or minor in French. Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
FREN 5020 - French for Graduate Study
French instruction for graduate students enrolled in a degree program who need knowledge of French for their field of study. Students will sit in appropriate level course for their learning.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: Approval of department of student’s graduate program and approval of Department of World Languages and Literatures.
Credits: 3 to 4 hours
Notes: May be repeated for credit. May not be taken by undergraduate students in any field.
|
| |
-
FREN 5030 - French - English Translation Practicum
This is a practical course to teach the skills for translating texts from French into English. The objective of this course is to develop further language proficiency and to introduce students to the nuts and bolts of translation. Students will produce English translations from different sorts of French texts, such as news, essays, documents, poetry, and short fiction.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: FREN 3160 with a minimum grade of “C”, or instructor approval.
Credits: 1 to 4 hours
Notes: May be repeated for credit. Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
FREN 5100 - Studies in French and Francophone Culture
An intensive study of selected aspects of French and Francophone culture. Course varies according to topic. Representative topics might include Women in French Society, The French Tradition in Quebec, Francophone Cinema.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: FREN 3160 and one other 3000-level course above FREN 3200, or equivalent. A minimum grade of “C” is required in all prerequisites.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: May be repeated for credit with permission of advisor. Open to upperclass and graduate students.
|
| |
-
FREN 5200 - Topics in French Linguistics and Language Science
The advanced study of a language or a group of languages from a scientific point of view, such as the function and status of languages in society, the comparative history of different language families or the manipulation of language for pragmatic needs across cultures.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: FREN 3160 and one other 3000-level course, or equivalent. A minimum grade of “C” is required in all prerequisites.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: May be offered as ARAB/CHIN/FREN/GER/ GREK/ITAL/JPNS/LAT/RUSS 5200. May be repeated for credit. Open to upper-class and graduate students.
|
| |
-
FREN 5280 - French Literature from the Middle Ages to the Revolution
The study of selected literary texts from the Middle Ages to the end of the eighteenth century.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: FREN 3160 and FREN 3250.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
FREN 5290 - French Literature from the Revolution to the Present
The study of selected literary texts from the late eighteenth century to the present.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: FREN 3160 and FREN 3250.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
FREN 5400 - Old French Language and Literature
An introduction to Old French, with an emphasis on the development of reading ability. Various literary works will be studied in Old French and in translation. Coursework includes an individualized translation project.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: FREN 3160 with a minimum grade of “C”, or instructor approval. Working knowledge of Latin helpful.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
FREN 5500 - Independent Study in French
Directed individual study of a specific topic in a French literary or linguistic area.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: One 5000-level course in the major; a minimum grade point average of 3.0 in the major; department approval required.
Credits: 1 to 3 hours
Notes: May be repeated for credit. Open to Upperclass and Graduate students. Not open to minors.
|
| |
-
FREN 5600 - Advanced Readings in French
Topics of literary, cultural, or linguistic merit will be analyzed. Topics will vary from semester to semester. May be repeated for credit.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: FREN 3160 with a minimum grade of “C” and one other 3000-level course above FREN 3200 with a minimum grade of “C”, or equivalent.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: May be repeated for credit. Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
FYE 2100 - First-Year Experience
The First-Year Experience Seminar is designed to help students develop a sense of responsibility for their own education and learning. This seminar will introduce students to University resources and will provide support during the first and second semester of transition to the University. Taught in a small group setting, students will interact with a faculty/staff member and a student leader either once or twice a week. The FYE 2100 Seminar will include weekly class meetings, sharing a common reading and research experience, project-based assignments, written assignments, service-learning and attendance at selected University events. The importance of writing skills, critical thinking skills, communication skills, and study skills will be emphasized, as well as exploration of major and career opportunities. FYE 2100 will be offered during fall and spring semesters and is restricted to freshmen and transfer students. Students will earn a letter grade for this course.
Credits: 2 hours
When Offered: Fall and Spring
|
| |
-
GEOG 1000 - World Ecological Problems and Man
(Science credit) Geographers have long been concerned with studying the interactions between human beings and the environment. The major focus of these investigations today is concerned with misuse of the environment, which has led to the present day environmental crisis. The introductory course combines scientific and non-technical appraisals of processes and problems dealing with the question of environmental quality. Therefore, humanity will be studied in the physical as well as the social setting. Though major issues may vary for developing and developed nations, topics concerned with population pressure, pollution, and urbanization will be among those considered.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VII: Natural Science and Technology: Applications and Implications.
|
| |
-
GEOG 1020 - World Geography through Media and Maps
This course presents an introduction to the geography of the earth. This includes the earth as the home of humans, major urban concentrations, descriptive physical characteristics of continents and countries, political subdivision, and general man-land relationships which reflect cultural preferences. Information delivery will be through textual material with a major concentration of carefully selected audiovisual and map study activities to enhance investigating the character of distant places.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area V: Social and Behavioral Sciences.
|
| |
-
GEOG 1050 - Physical Geography
(Science credit) A study of the physical environmental systems of our earth. The course examines the seasonal and latitudinal distribution of solar energy; analyzes the many elements of weather, climate, vegetation, and soils; and finally considers the earth’s major landforms and the processes which shape them. Though each topic is treated separately, this course demonstrates the basic relationships among these topics and points out the human implications in all physical earth systems. Map use and laboratory work is an integral part of this course.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VI: Natural Science with Laboratory.
Lecture Hours - Laboratory Hours: (3 - 1)
|
| |
-
GEOG 1900 - Exploring Earth Science: The Atmosphere
This is a laboratory course designed to develop and build the concepts and principles of the Earth system with an emphasis on the atmosphere. The objectives of the course are to aid students in developing meaningful and functional understanding of key Earth Science Atmospheric concepts and their interrelations; to provide students with open-ended problem solving experiences that facilitate inquiry regarding the nature and content of science as an intellectual activity; explore alternate conceptions of scientific phenomena; help students develop more positive attitudes towards science and increase their confidence to both explain and apply Earth system theories and principles. Does not serve as an alternate to GEOG 2250 in any programs.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 2050 - Human Geography
This course is an introduction to the study and analysis of humans in the landscape. We will look at how people perceive space, how they interact in space, and how space really matters to the study of everything. The course will touch on concepts in history, economics, demographics, the environment, culture, politics, agriculture and planning. We will look at impacts of technology on human to human and human to environment interaction and will also examine opportunities for future work in the field of Geography.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area V: Social and Behavioral Sciences.
|
| |
-
GEOG 2250 - Introduction to Meteorology and Climatology
(Science credit) A basic analysis of the origin, composition, and behavior of the atmosphere. The fundamental physical laws affecting the elements of weather - solar radiation, temperature, moisture, pressure, and winds are examined during the first half of the course. Weather systems and forecasting, atmospheric optics, climatic change, and regional climates are examined during the second half of the course. Laboratory meetings dealing with instrumentation and weather map analysis are an integral part of the course.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 1050 or equivalent.
Credits: 4 hours
Lecture Hours - Laboratory Hours: (3 - 1)
|
| |
-
GEOG 2440 - Economic Geography
This course reviews the spatial processes and patterns for primary production, transportation, manufacturing and energy, service functions, trade and economic development.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area V: Social and Behavioral Sciences.
|
| |
-
GEOG 2650 - Introduction to Geospatial Technologies
Introduction to technologies used for visualization, measurement, and analysis of features that occur on earth. Students are introduced to fundamentals of cartography, global positioning system (GPS), geographic information science (GIS), and remote sensing of the environment (RS). Topics will include nature and characteristics of geospatial technologies, concepts and characteristics of spatial data, principles and methods of capturing and representing spatial data, and methods of analysis and interpretation of spatial data. Students will have hands-on experience in working with the full range of geospatial technologies and products including maps, air photos, satellite images, GPS, as well as current GIS software.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VII: Natural Science and Technology: Applications and Implications.
|
| |
-
GEOG 3010 - Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems
An introductory course that covers the use and application of geographic information systems (GIS). It combines an overview of general principles of GIS and practical experience in map creation and the use of spatial information, including fundamental aspects of measurement, representation and analysis. Intro GIS focuses on the basics of working with both vector and raster data, as well as the societal aspects of GIS (emerging uses, interaction with new technologies, data standards, public access to information).
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: Students cannot receive credit for both GEOG 3010 and GEOG 5010.
Lecture Hours - Laboratory Hours: (3 - 1)
When Offered: Fall
|
| |
-
GEOG 3030 - Geographic Inquiry
Students will be introduced to geography as a field of study, research and professional opportunity. Students will have an opportunity to investigate social and environmental problems through data collection, analysis, interpretation, and graphic and written presentation. The emphasis throughout will be on the application of inquiry models to geographic problems.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: STAT 1600 or STAT 2160 or STAT 2660 or STAT 3640 or STAT 3660.
Credits: 4 hours
Restrictions: Restricted to Geography majors and minors and Tourism and Travel majors.
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Proficiency 2: Baccalaureate-Level Writing.
|
| |
-
GEOG 3060 - Climate Change: Atmospheric Perspectives
(Science credit) The study of the atmospheric environment as it interacts with humans and society. Special emphasis is given to the following: the role of weather and climate in affecting the successful outcome of plans and economic decisions; the dynamics of changing climates and their role in affecting the course of history; human physiological and psychological responses to weather and climate; weather forecasting and its value to society; and the hazards to life, health, and property posed by severe weather. Students should expect to achieve a sufficient understanding of the atmospheric environment so that they may make informed decisions involving weather topics.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VII: Natural Science and Technology: Applications and Implications.
|
| |
-
GEOG 3070 - Extreme Weather Under Changing Climate
This course provides a thorough introduction of both physical mechanisms and social impact of extreme weathers under climate change. Topics will include introductions of physical properties of different kinds of extreme weather events including hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms, blizzard, freezing rain, and drought, and discussions of their possible relations with climate change. Socio-economic impacts and mitigation of those events will also be introduced with the form of case studies. There will be both class and lab sessions for this course.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 1050 or instructor approval.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 3100 - Introduction to Tourism
Overview of the tourism industry and the factors which influence its structure and development. Examination of tourism as a human experience, a social-cultural phenomenon, an industry and a policy and research field.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 3110 - Geography of Michigan
An introduction to the physical and cultural patterns in Michigan with emphasis on an understanding of the distribution of population, resources, and forms of economic activity. Attention is also focused upon relevant current State problems.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 3200 - Culinary Tourism
Culinary tourism is defined as the pursuit of unique and memorable culinary experiences of all kinds, often while traveling. These experiences, which include famous restaurants, bed and breakfast inns, local eateries, wineries, cooking schools, and food festivals, provide business opportunities to tourism industry, and learning opportunities to individuals about places and cultures from a culinary perspective. This course explores the geography of the culinary world with particular reference to the origins and diffusion of the world’s major staples and their relationships with regional cuisines and tourists sites. Topics include the relationship between tourism and food and wine, political, social, and economic contexts of food production and food flow, case studies of regional cuisines in the United States and from around the world, and their implications for the tourism and travel industry.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Satisfies General Education Area IV: Other Cultures and Civilizations.
|
| |
-
GEOG 3260 - Atmospheric Energy and Motion
This course prepares students for advanced coursework in climate science by surveying the application of physical, chemical, and mathematical principles to a broad range of atmospheric phenomena. Students are introduced to fundamental concepts and applications of atmospheric thermodynamics, radiative transfer, atmospheric chemistry, cloud microphysics, atmospheric dynamics, and climate dynamics. These topics are covered broadly but in enough depth to introduce students to the methods atmospheric scientists use to describe and predict atmospheric phenomena and climate impacts.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: GEOG 2250 and MATH 1220.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 3500 - Conservation and Environmental Management
(Science credit) A critical evaluation of the management of selected natural resources with primary focus on the United States. Conflicts between environmental and economic interests are examined in both historical and contemporary contexts.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VII: Natural Science and Technology: Applications and Implications.
|
| |
-
GEOG 3800 - United States and Canada
A study of the physical environment north of the Rio Grande followed by an analysis of the spatial structure of the area’s population and economy. The basis for the regional differentiation of the USA and Canada is considered, followed by a region-by-region analysis of each of these unique integrations of physical and cultural phenomena.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 3810 - South America
Regional study of the nations of South America with attention to the interrelationships of the physical and cultural environments. Historical background necessary for the interpretation of the present political, social, and economic conditions is included.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area IV: Other Cultures and Civilizations.
|
| |
-
GEOG 3820 - Mexico and the Caribbean
Systematic review of the physical and cultural environments of Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. Economic, social and political issues will be examined from a spatial viewpoint.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area IV: Other Cultures and Civilizations.
|
| |
-
GEOG 3830 - Geography of Europe
Intensive regional study of the European nations. The physical elements (climate, landforms, resources, etc.) are examined and the derivative cultural elements are identified. Emphasis is placed upon the social and economic activities of contemporary Europe.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area V: Social and Behavioral Sciences.
|
| |
-
GEOG 3860 - Geography of Africa
Survey of the principle physical, cultural, economic and political patterns of Africa, followed by studies of the significant elements of the major realms and states, e.g., population distribution, agriculture, patterns of economic and natural resource development, environmental issues, transportation systems, etc.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area IV: Other Cultures and Civilizations.
|
| |
-
GEOG 3890 - Monsoon Asia
Systematic survey of the physical and human (socio-economic) environments of the southeastern rim of Asia (Pakistan in the west to Japan in the east). Geographical background necessary to interpret present conditions is included.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area IV: Other Cultures and Civilizations.
|
| |
-
GEOG 3900 - China, Japan, and Korea: Lands and Cultures
An introduction to the contemporary landscapes, cultures, and economies of the countries of East Asia, specifically China, Japan, and Korea. A basic survey of the interactions over time between the physical environments of East Asia and the cultures, the political conditions, the economies, and societies of these three main nations.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area IV: Other Cultures and Civilizations.
|
| |
-
GEOG 4080 - Tourism Marketing
Examination of the linkages between geography and tourism, the marketing of travel, and tourism and hospitality products. The course covers tourism and marketing research methods, marketing strategies, marketing planning, and marketing plan implementation with a focus on issues of tourism development. Students apply concepts and materials to a course research project related to tourism providers in west Michigan.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 3100
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Proficiency 2: Baccalaureate-Level Writing.
|
| |
-
GEOG 4120 - Professional Practice
Provision for an advanced student to benefit by supplementary practical experiences in a particular branch of geography, either by assisting faculty engaged in research or by working in a departmentally-approved off-campus agency. Specific assignments are arranged in consultation with departmental advisors during the semester preceding that in which the student expects to enroll in 4120.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: Junior standing and approval of Department Chair.
Credits: 1 to 3 hours
Restrictions: Restricted to Geography majors and minors, and Tourism and Travel majors.
Notes: The student may enroll for one additional semester, but no student will be allowed more than three hours total credit for 4120.
|
| |
-
GEOG 4180 - Tourism Planning and Development
Introduction to concepts, principles, models, and theories of tourism planning and development. Analysis of issues in tourism planning including potential of the tourist sector, tourism image and impacts, positioning of tourism products, destination planning, and tourism development process and strategies at national, regional, and local levels.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 3100
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 4240 - Biogeography
This course focuses on the application of geographic theory, methods and techniques to the spatial distributions of plant and animal species. The course will explore both the physical and human dimensions of patterns and processes associated with species distributions, movement and conservation. Course themes will include such topics as: physical environment impacts on growth, development and distribution; global regions and ecoregions; agricultural production and domesticated species; movement of species (domestic, invasive); and epidemiology.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: GEOG 1000 or GEOG 1050.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 4250 - Climatology
The course provides a detailed examination of the science of climatology and offers hands-on experience utilizing climatological data and methods to address environmental problems. Topics include the physics of climate, global climatic regions, climate feedback processes, paleoclimate and climate change, air pollution climatology, climatological data analysis methods, application of climatic processes and data to a wide variety of environmental problems.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 2250 or instructor approval.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 4260 - Natural Disasters and Risk Management
Examination of a broad range of geographic issues and topics relating to natural hazards/disasters, while emphasizing the understanding of physical and social dynamics that must interact to produce hazards/disasters, the spatial and temporal distributions of various hazards, and policy options for disaster preparation and loss reduction. Topics include the physical dimensions of natural hazards/disasters, community attitudes and adjustments, economic and social impacts of natural hazards/disasters, risk assessment and management, and natural hazards/disasters and public policy.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 1050 or GEOS 1500 or instructor approval.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 4280 - Data Analysis in Climate Science
This course provides a thorough introduction of characteristics of climate data and quantitative methods that analyze large volume of climatological data. Topics will include properties of climate data, time series analysis and trend test, parametric and non-parametric statistical models for climate, weather/climate forecast models, and graphics for climate data presentation. There will be both class and lab sessions for this course.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 2250
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 4300 - Climate Change and Geography
This course takes an interdisciplinary approach to analyze paramount climate change issues from geographical perspectives. Topics to be covered include climate change science, geography of climate change, spatial analysis, environmental and human impacts of, response and adaptation to climate change at global, regional, and local scales. Case studies from different countries and disciplines will be used to facilitate active student participation in the course.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: GEOG 2250 and senior standing, or instructor approval.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 4600 - Geospatial Technology in Teaching Geography and Social Studies
This pre-service course is designed for students meeting professional requirements necessary for teaching geography/social studies. The course applies a balance of geospatial technology embedded within teaching methodologies that enhance social science inquiry in the classroom. Instructional approaches to meet content standards in social studies from the Michigan Department of Education are a major focus, along with the application of national content standards in the core content of the social studies.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: LS 4050 and ED 4060; (may be taken concurrently).
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 4670 - GIS Projects and Programming
Principles and applications of GIS project management, including devising an efficient, innovative and practical solution to a real-world problem by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing data using a GIS and advanced techniques in spatial analysis, spatial statistics, and/or cartographic programming. Discussion topics will include professionally relevant issues such as team management, budget and proposal development and customizing GIS with internal and external languages.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 3010 with a grade of “C” or better.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 4685 - Internet GIS
Principles and applications of GIS in the Internet environment. Topics to be covered may include WebGIS application tools, geospatial web services, geospatial mashups, participatory GIS applications, web-based data mining, ArcGIS API for JavaScript, and Mobil GIS.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 3010 with a grade of “C” or better.
Credits: 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOG 5000 - Advanced Tourism Studies
This course uses a multidisciplinary approach to examine the burgeoning tourism industry and addresses some emerging issues in tourism development. Topics include but not limited to cultural tourism, ecotourism, agritourism, and tourism and sustainability. Case studies from different countries will be used to illustrate the topics under discussion. It is a seminar-style course where student participation is expected.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 3100
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: May be repeated for credit. Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOG 5010 - Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
Introduction to basic principles of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with applications to a variety of problems using established data sources and repositories. Includes fundamental principles of cartographic design and communication. A first course in a curricular sequence developing GIS professional expertise.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
Lecture Hours - Laboratory Hours: (3 - 1)
|
| |
-
GEOG 5440 - Studies in Economic Geography
Studies in world and local patterns of agriculture, manufacture, transportation, or retail/service activities. In any term, the course focuses upon one of these four economic sectors.
- Agriculture. Describes and analyzes agricultural systems throughout the world; focuses on selected crop-livestock systems and the changing character of agricultural land use in the United States.
- Manufacturing. Examination of theories and strategies of industrial plant location, the relationship of industrialization to regional economic growth and development, and selected industry case studies evaluating the interrelations of locational, economic, technological, and political factors in the respective industry’s historic evolution.
- Transportation. Examination of the historic evolution of transport systems in developed and developing nations, transport factors in location theory, techniques of transport analysis, the urban transport dilemma, and competitive and complementary characteristics of the different transport modes.
- Retail and Service. Examination of the evolution of the retail and service sector, the geography of retail and service firms, theories and strategies of retail and service firm location, and the relationship between retail and service sector and local economic development.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: GEOG 2050 or GEOG 2440 or instructor approval.
Credits: 2 to 3 hours
Notes: May be repeated for credit. Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOG 5450 - Studies in Human Geography
Each course listed under this general title is a concentrated study of one of the principal subdivisions of human geography. The scope and principal themes of each specialized field are reviewed, with consideration given to current research on selected problems.
- Cultural Geography. Techniques of spatial analysis applicable to the study of humans and their environment. The place of origin, diffusion, and present distribution of selected cultural patterns will be traced with emphasis given to cultural traits which strongly influence human occupancy of the earth’s surface.
- Historical Geography. Studies of geographic and related features which have combined to influence the course of historical development. This course will concentrate on a particular region and/or period of time during each semester in which it is offered. Each specialization will be designated in the class schedule.
- Political Geography. General survey of the principles and the applied aspects of political geography; primary emphasis on the physical and cultural resource bases and conflicts of national states, the assessment of location, boundary delimitation and the territorial sea, politically-organized territories within the administrative hierarchy, and electoral geography.
Credits: 2 to 3 hours
Notes: May be repeated for credit. Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOG 5530 - Water Resources Management
Examination of water resources management with an emphasis on the effects of water uses and runoff on water quality and quantity. Topics include: water resource systems, estimating consumptive and non-consumptive water uses, and run off with computer models, and multiple socio-economic and hydrological factors in water resources management.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOG 5550 - Contemporary Issues in Resources Management
(Science credit) Examination of selected contemporary natural resource and environmental problems, such as questions of natural resource adequacy, environmental pollution, energy shortages, political and economic problems related to resource management, and individual studies of local environmental problems.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 3500 or department approval.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOG 5570 - Environmental Impact Assessment
Alteration of the natural and human environment for perceived economic and social benefits often has significant adverse consequences. Recognition of this problem is reflected in federal, state, and local laws and regulations requiring environmental impact statements. The course provides an introduction to the analysis and preparation of environmental impact assessments.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOG 5630 - Surveying Techniques
The theory and application of geographic techniques and instruments of field investigations: collection and analysis of field data, preparation and presentation of materials. The course is based primarily upon field operations. The purpose is to introduce students to the capabilities and limitations of traditional surveying techniques and the Global Positioning System (GPS). Students will gain a basic understanding of how satellite-based navigation systems operate and they will put into practice through a series of field exercises.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 3010 or GEOG 5010.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOG 5670 - Spatial Analysis
This course provides an introduction to techniques for spatial data analysis in geographical research. Topics include: experimental design and sampling; spatial data visualization and exploration; analysis of clusters and point patterns; global and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation; basic concepts of geostatistics; and an introduction to spatial data analysis. The main focus will be on data description and exploration.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: STAT 3660 or STAT 6020.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOG 5690 - Geodatabase Design and GIS Workflows
Principles and applications of geographic information systems (GIS). Designing, creating, populating, and using geodatabases and workflows. Emphasis is placed on developing solutions to problems involving spatial entities and attributes by employing logical conceptual analysis using the tools provided by a typical geographic information system.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOG 3010 or GEOG 5010, with a grade of “C” or better.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: Open to upperclass and graduate students.
Lecture Hours - Laboratory Hours: (3 - 1)
|
| |
-
GEOG 5710 - Introduction to Community Development and Planning
An introductory survey of community planning and development practices in America. Topics include concepts of community planning and development, evolution and development of planning thought and practice in America, the background of planning and zoning in American municipalities, traditional and contemporary approaches to planning, planning theory, elements of planning law and administration, and ethical issues in planning.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: GEOG 3560 or Graduate standing or instructor approval.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOG 5820 - Remote Sensing of the Environment
An introduction to the physical concepts and methodological foundations of air photo and satellite image interpretation, photogrammetry, and digital image processing. Students are also exposed to the physical principles that underlie electromagnetic radiation and its interactions with the earth-atmosphere system. Students who successfully complete this course will understand the capabilities and limitations of photographic and digital imagery obtained from aircraft and space-borne platforms.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
Lecture Hours - Laboratory Hours: (3 - 1)
|
| |
-
GEOG 5970 - Independent Study
Designed for highly qualified majors and graduate students who wish to study in depth some aspect of their field of specialization under a member of the departmental staff. Repeatable for credit.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: Department approval.
Credits: 1 to 3 hours
Notes: May be repeated for credit. Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOS 1000 - Dynamic Earth
Students will be introduced to the workings of our dynamic Earth, with some discussion of other planets. Topics include plate tectonics, evolution, earth materials, volcanoes, earthquakes, earth hazards, rivers and flooding, groundwater and pollution, glaciers and deserts, oceans and coasts, energy resources, and climate change. This course is designed for non-science majors who seek a basic course in geology. Students planning to major in any science or engineering should enroll in GEOS 1300. The course consists of three hours of lecture and a two-hour laboratory period per week.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VI: Natural Science with Laboratory.
Lecture Hours - Laboratory Hours: (3 - 2)
When Offered: Fall, Spring
|
| |
-
GEOS 1020 - Planetary Geology
An introduction to the origin and geological diversity of the planet, and other bodies that make-up our universe. Emphasis is placed on understanding how and why these planetary systems occur and operate, what makes Earth so unique, how these systems affect the lives of citizens in the United States and around the world, and how geoscience and technology can be used to better understand our universe.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VI: Natural Science with Laboratory.
|
| |
-
GEOS 1200 - Climate Change Geologic Perspective
This course will help students develop and calmly share their views on climate change. We will look briefly at how science and Earth’s climate system work. We will see how and why climate has changed over geologic time including recently. We will learn how scientists predict climate change. We will consider how climate change may affect people’s lives, and how to best reduce the risk that climate change poses.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VII: Natural Science and Technology: Applications and Implications.
|
| |
-
GEOS 1290 - Physical Geology Laboratory
A laboratory experience covering minerals and rocks, and the interpretation of topographic and Geologic maps.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: Department approval.
Credits: 1 hour
|
| |
-
GEOS 1300 - Physical Geology
This course introduces students to the principal geologic processes that shape the earth and methods by which these processes are studied with emphasis on the paradigm of plate tectonics. The interior of the earth is examined from the perspective of how we determine, without direct observation, the layering and composition within. Principles and techniques of physics and chemistry are applied to the study of the origin of minerals and rocks, and geologic structures. Geomorphic processes and natural disasters like earthquakes are examined with special consideration of their importance to engineering design and practice.
This course is especially designed for students interested in science and engineering and for those who expect to major in geosciences or geosciences education. Students who are interested in a beginning course in geology, but who do not plan to pursue a major in science or engineering are encouraged to enroll in GEOS 1000. Three lectures and a two-hour laboratory period per week.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VI: Natural Science with Laboratory.
Lecture Hours - Laboratory Hours: (3 - 2)
When Offered: Fall, Spring
|
| |
-
GEOS 1310 - Historical Geology
Geologic time, evolution of prehistoric life, and principles of earth history with case examples from North America. Field excursions, including trips to the MGRRE facility to evaluate subsurface geologic data may be required.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOS 1000 or GEOS 1300 or GEOG 1050.
Credits: 4 hours
When Offered: Spring
|
| |
-
GEOS 1440 - Environmental Earth Science
A study of the earth from an environmental perspective. Origin of the earth and solar system, physical and chemical structure of the earth, chronology, and the use of the scientific method to advance this understanding. Focus on the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere and their interactions.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VII: Natural Science and Technology: Applications and Implications.
When Offered: Spring
|
| |
-
GEOS 1500 - Earth Hazards and Disasters
An introduction to the major geologic hazards affecting the earth. Impacts, earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami and coastal hazards, mass wasting, and flooding will be discussed. Emphasis is placed on understanding how and why these hazards occur, how these hazards affect the lives of citizens in the United States and around the world, and how geoscience and technology can be used to identify and manage potential hazards.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VII: Natural Science and Technology: Applications and Implications.
When Offered: Spring
|
| |
-
GEOS 2000 - Evolution of Life - A Geological Perspective
The geologic attributes of our planet have shaped the course of biological evolution across four billion years of Earth’s history. This course surveys the major events and mechanisms of that history, focusing on the origins of our planet and its life, self-organization and complexity, bacteria in extreme environments, the rise of animals and plants, the colonization of land, mass extinctions, planetary change over time and the possibility of life elsewhere in the cosmos. Three lectures and a two-hour laboratory period per week.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VI: Natural Science with Laboratory.
Lecture Hours - Laboratory Hours: (3 - 2)
When Offered: Fall
|
| |
-
GEOS 2020 - Egypt - Civilization and Geology
Explores how the regional geological and hydrological environments of Egypt have influenced both ancient and modern Egyptian civilizations. Throughout history, these varying conditions created both benefits and constraints, causing existing civilizations to either flourish, or wither and fall. The availability of stone and other building materials, each with their unique engineering properties, dictated the types of cities, temples and even style of pyramids that could be constructed. The River Nile, along with its unique hydrological regime, played a critical role in all aspects of life within this region. This course which can be taken by both geology majors and non-majors, will focus on how the geological setting of this region played a significant role in shaping the culture and history of Egypt, as it influenced the various people who lived there, from earliest times to the modern era.
The class will meet on campus during the Spring semester for 1 lecture (1 hr. 15 min.) and 1 discussion/lab section (50 min.) per week. There is also a required 2 week field trip to Egypt. The field trip portion of the course will be conducted through the Haenicke Institute for Global Studies as a “Study Abroad” program during the two week period immediately following the spring semester (first two weeks of May). Students are required to take both the classroom and field trip portions of the course. Neither portion of the course is offered as a “stand-alone” unit. Students will earn 3 credit hours (applicable to General Education Area IV: Other Cultures and Civilizations) for the completed course (classroom and field trip together).
Registration approval for the course is required from the Geosciences Department. Completed course approval can be obtained at the Geosciences Departmental Office (1183 Rood Hall). Details about the field trip, and the additional expenses required for this portion of the course, will be explained at this time. There is a non-refundable trip down-payment required at the beginning of the spring semester coursework for final registration acceptance.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies Gereal Education Area IV: Other Cultures and Civilizations.
|
| |
-
GEOS 2320 - Integrated Earth System Studies
The course will view the whole earth as a single system and focus on the interrelations and interactions among different subsystems and changes that occur in these with time. Topics covered will include basic laws of physics and chemistry that operate on the earth, evolution, biogeochemical cycles, global changes (natural and anthropogenic) and human interactions with the environment. Emphasis will be placed on feedback loops and amplification factors in the earth system. Construction of models of systems will be explored to determine possible impact of a change on the system as a whole.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: GEOS 1000 or GEOS 1300 or GEOG 1050.
Credits: 3 hours
When Offered: Fall
|
| |
-
GEOS 2900 - Earth Systems: Issues and Applications
This is a laboratory-based course designed to develop and build the concepts and principles of the Earth system with an emphasis on applications of earth science to society. The objectives of the course are to aid students in developing meaningful and functional understanding of key Earth Science concepts and their interrelations; provide students with open-ended problem solving experiences that facilitate inquiry regarding the nature and content of science, technology and society; help students develop more positive attitudes towards science and increase their confidence to both explain and apply Earth system theories and principles. A local field trip may be required.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VII: Natural Science and Technology: Applications and Implications.
When Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer I
|
| |
-
GEOS 3010 - Minerals and Rocks
This course is a one semester introduction to the materials making up the earth, emphasizing hand specimen mineralogy and petrology. Topics will include basic crystallography, physical and chemical properties of minerals, mineral and rock description and identification, chemical and physical properties of rocks, rock genesis, and economic uses of rock and mineral resources. A field trip may be required.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: (CHEM 1100 and CHEM 1110) and (GEOS 1000 or GEOS 1300 or GEOG 1050) and (GEOS 1310 or GEOS 2000). GEOS 1310 or GEOS 2000 may be taken concurrently.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: Will not count toward a major in Geology.
Lecture Hours - Laboratory Hours: (3 - 2)
When Offered: Spring
|
| |
-
GEOS 3120 - Geology of the National Parks and Monuments
A study of the origin of Geologic features and the development of landscapes through Geologic time in selected National Parks and Monuments. Students will be expected to read extensively in the available literature.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VII: Natural Science and Technology: Applications and Implications.
When Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer I, Summer II
|
| |
-
GEOS 3220 - Ocean Systems
The ocean system encompasses over seventy percent of the world’s surface, and comprises one of the largest resources that the peoples of the world hold in common. This course will explore our understanding of this complex system, and the evolution of technology on which this understanding is based. The costs and benefits of the past, present, and future use of the world ocean will be considered in the context of competing values and interests.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Area VII: Natural Science and Technology: Applications and Implications.
When Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer I
|
| |
-
GEOS 3350 - Mineralogy
Introduction to crystallography, crystal chemistry, and determinative mineralogy. Physical and chemical properties, occurrence, uses and determination of about 100 minerals. Lecture 3 hours a week. Laboratory 3 hours a week.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: GEOS 1300, CHEM 1100 and CHEM 1110; or instructor approval.
Credits: 4 hours
When Offered: Fall
|
| |
-
GEOS 4300 - Structural Geology
Development of rock structures and mechanics of rock deformation. Structural interpretation of Geologic maps, cross-sections, and aerial photographs.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: (GEOS 3010 or GEOS 3350) and MATH 1180; or instructor approval.
Credits: 3 hours
When Offered: Spring
|
| |
-
GEOS 4320 - Geomorphology
Detailed consideration of the earth’s surficial processes including transformation of fluvial, glacial, mass-wasting, eolian, and coastal landforms. Laboratory exercises involve interpretation of topographic maps, Geologic maps, and air photographs. Three-day field trip required.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: GEOS 3010 or GEOS 3350 or instructor approval.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Proficiency 2: Baccalaureate-Level Writing.
When Offered: Spring
|
| |
-
GEOS 4340 - Problems in Geology
Intensive reading and research on a topic in Geology under the direction of a member of the Geology faculty.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: 16 hours in Geology and department approval.
Credits: 1 to 3 hours
|
| |
-
GEOS 4350 - Sedimentation and Stratigraphy
This course is an introduction to sedimentary geology and the interpretation of the stratigraphic record through application of principles of sedimentology, stratigraphy, and sedimentary petrology. Geological hazards in modern earth surface environments are also considered. Laboratory exercises focus on the application of modern concepts and methodology used in the analysis and interpretation of the sedimentary record. The course includes a required three-day field trip.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: GEOS 1310 and either (GEOS 3010 or GEOS 3350).
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: This course satisfies General Education Proficiency 2: Baccalaureate-Level Writing.
When Offered: Fall
|
| |
-
GEOS 4380 - Field Studies in Geology
Field observations and introduction to geologic mapping. Aspects of landscape evolution, rock-forming processes, and rock deformation will be studied. Emphasis will be on how observations are combined to make geologic interpretations and how the geologic history and evolution of a region can be interpreted from field data.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOS 3010 or instructor approval.
Credits: 3 hours
When Offered: Summer I
|
| |
-
GEOS 4500 - Teaching & Learning Earth Science
This course is designed for future grades 6-12 teachers of earth science. Course content includes: inquiry-based laboratory activities, use of models and computer simulations, use of authentic earth science data sets, and outdoor teaching. Students will also improve their understanding of earth science topics relevant to middle and high school settings.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: GEOS 2320 and GEOG 2250 and [(Phys 1030 and PHYS 1040) OR (PHYS 1050 and PHYS 1060)], all with a grade of “C” or better. Any of these courses may be taken concurrently.
Credits: 4 hours
Notes: Class meets 4.5 hours per week. Weekly observation of local area classroom teachers is required.
When Offered: Fall
|
| |
-
GEOS 5010 - Geologic Communications and Presentations
A seminar designed to introduce students to and improve student skills in the oral presentation of Geologic information. Students will critique talks given in the weekly departmental seminar. Students will make one oral presentation to a group of students and faculty. Course may be repeated for credit but only one credit will be applied towards major requirements.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: Departmental approval.
Credits: 1 hour
Notes: May be repeated for credit. Open to upperclass and graduate students.
When Offered: Spring
|
| |
-
GEOS 5020 - Problems in Geology and Earth Science
Individual problems involving topical reading and/or research problems in earth sciences. May be repeated for credit.
Credits: 1 to 3 hours
Notes: May be repeated for credit. Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOS 5060 - Introduction to Soils
Properties of natural and engineered soils. Interactions between soils and plants, microorganisms, water, atmosphere, and contaminants. Soil uses, remediation, and conservation.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: GEOS 3010, either (MATH 1220 or MATH 1700), and CHEM 1100/1110. Corequisite is MATH 1230 or MATH 1710.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
When Offered: Fall - every other year
|
| |
-
GEOS 5090 - Surface Water Hydrology
Hydrology describes the waters of the earth, their occurrence, circulation and distribution, and their reaction with the environment. Emphasis is on quantitative aspects of surface water. Topics include, stream flow precipitation, evapotranspiration, hydrographs, runoff, probability analysis and modeling.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: MATH 1230 or MATH 1710.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
When Offered: Fall - every other year
|
| |
-
GEOS 5120 - Principles of Hydrogeology
The study of surface and ground water with special emphasis on its occurrence, movement, and relation to the Geologic environment.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisites: Either (GEOS 3010 or GEOS 3350) and either (MATH 1220 or MATH 1700). Corequisite: MATH 1230 or MATH 1710.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
When Offered: Spring - every other year
|
| |
-
GEOS 5160 - Geochronology and Global Change
Application of the concepts of nuclear physics and chemistry to Geological problems. Topics to include absolute and relative dating, formation of the elements, global change and causes of global change.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: Basic knowledge of chemistry, physics and math.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
-
GEOS 5200 - Economic Geology
Origin, occurrence, and utilization of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits, and mineral fuels. Lecture three hours a week.
Prerequisites & Corequisites: Prerequisite: GEOS 3010 or GEOS 3350.
Credits: 3 hours
Notes: Open to Upperclass and Graduate students.
|
| |
Page: 1 <- Back 10 … 8
| 9
| 10
| 11
| 12
| 13
| 14
| 15
| 16
| 17
| 18
… Forward 10 -> 28 |
Print this Page