Registration, Records and Academic Regulations

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Registration is conducted via the web at Western Michigan University according to the schedule and procedures given in the Registration Information booklet, published prior to each semester and session and available in the Registrar’s Office, in advising offices, and on the WMU web site. The Registration Information booklet should be consulted for details (procedures and regulations regarding the adding or dropping of courses, tuition and fee schedules and their methods of payment, final examination week schedules, names and telephone numbers of departments and advisors, and all the University regulations that affect the registration process.) Registration by students signifies an agreement to comply with all regulations of the University whenever approved by the University.

To begin registration, the student will log in to GoWMU at http://gowmu.wmich.edu and follow the script displayed.

Advance Registration

Western Michigan University offers advance registration for each enrollment period as described in the Registration Information booklet issued prior to each semester and each session. Students are encouraged to take advantage of advance registration but are cautioned that any subsequent change in their schedules should be made before the final day of the drop/add period. See the sections below for more information about changing registration schedules.

Forgiveness Policy

WMU undergraduate students who have not earned a degree and have not attended the University for at least four years, and have reapplied to the University, may apply for academic forgiveness through the Office of the Registrar. Students who are granted academic forgiveness may have work still applicable to their program counted toward graduation requirements, but grades will not be calculated in their grade point average. The WMU grade point average will be calculated from a minimum of twelve graded hours of work attempted after the reentry date. All other University regulations apply. As a matter of course, the Registrar will advise students granted forgiveness to meet with a college advisor.

Research Subject Protection and Registration

Students conducting research that involves human or animal subjects, biohazards, genetic materials, or nuclear materials/radiation must have prior approval of the research proposal by the appropriate University board, thus assuring compliance with the regulations for the protection of such subjects or for the use of such materials. There are no exceptions to this requirement. Registration for courses in which research is conducted that requires such prior approval should not be attempted until the approval is granted by the appropriate University board. The department requiring the course is responsible for assuring that the student has complied with federal, state, and WMU requirements. The student completing such regulated research for a course report, paper, project, or thesis must include the written approval or exemption letter from the appropriate board as an addendum to the report, paper, project, or thesis. For more information, call the Office of the Vice President for Research, 387-8298.

University Tuition Scholarship Waiver

Undergraduate students interested in taking advantage of the University Tuition Scholarship Waiver must report to the Registrar’s Office, Seibert Administration Building to pick up the authorization form.

Students who meet the following criteria are eligible to participate in this program:

1. Must have previously earned thirty hours of credit from WMU.
2. Must presently be enrolled and have paid for fifteen hours of credit for the semester they are seeking the tuition waiver.
3. Must have an overall G.P.A. of 3.25 at Western Michigan University.
4. Must be an undergraduate student in a degree program.

Undergraduate students who meet the qualifications may select one course per semester outside their major, in under-enrolled courses, during the drop/add week only.

Once the students have ascertained that they would like to participate in this program and meet all the criteria, they should go to the Registrar’s office for the authorization form. The student will present the signed authorization card to Cashiering, 1270 Seibert Administration Building as their payment.

Withdrawing from or Adding Classes before the Final Date to Drop

Students may enroll in (add) any course through the first five days of classes of a semester or session. The final date for adding courses is published in the Registration Information booklet and on the the Registrar’s website www.wmich.edu/registrar.

Only students who have a class that is not officially scheduled to meet during the five-day drop/add period will be given an additional opportunity to drop.

Students may withdraw (drop) classes through the fifth (5th) day of the term and the course will not be reflected on the student’s official transcript. All withdrawals received after the drop/add period will be reflected on the student’s academic record as a non-punitive “W” (Official Withdrawal), as long as the withdrawal complies with the policy explained directly below.

Dropping Classes and Withdrawing from All Classes

Students may drop a course or withdraw from all courses without academic penalty online, through GoWMU, through the Monday of the tenth week of classes in the fall and spring semesters and through the Monday of the fifth week of the summer I and summer II sessions. See the Registration Information booklet for details concerning the amount of tuition refund allowed. A non-punitive “W” will be reflected on the student’s academic record for any classes dropped after the drop/add period and before the withdrawal deadline. The final date for withdrawing is published in the Registration Information booklet and online at www.wmich.edu/registrar. Students may not withdraw from any class after this date without academic penalty.

Each student is encouraged to confer with the instructor before withdrawing from a class as the student may not re-register for the class.

Students who wish to drop a course or officially withdraw from all classes after the Monday of the tenth week of classes in the fall and spring semesters and through the Monday of the fifth week of the summer I and summer II sessions because of genuine hardship (i.e., illness, death in the immediate family), must be passing the course and must file a written appeal on a Request to Late Drop a Class form which may be obtained from the Registrar’s Office.

Students wishing to withdraw from all classes must obtain the approval of the academic advisor and a financial aid advisor. International students must also obtain the approval of the Office of International Student and Scholar Services.

Students wishing to withdraw from some but not all classes must obtain the approval of the instructor of record for each course to be dropped.

If the semester has ended, the student must request a grade change to “W” through the Grade Appeal Process, as described in the section Students Rights and Responsibilities, “Course Grade and Program Dismissal Appeals”.

The Registrar’s Office will record the drop or withdrawal if it has approvals as listed above.

Identification Card

The Bronco Card is the student’s photo identification card at WMU. In addition, the Bronco Card is the student’s access card for the library, dining areas, Student Recreation Center, and computer centers and is a security access card for buildings on campus.

The Bronco Card also enables the student to ride for free on the Metro Bus Service on any route around the Kalamazoo area.

The Bronco Card has the size, look, and feel of a credit card. Included on the card are the student’s picture and signature. On the back of the card is a magnetic strip, used for authentication.

The Bronco Card will serve the student as a University ID for as long as the student remains at WMU.

Name Change

Students may maintain academic records under the name used at the time of admission. However, any active student desiring to make an official name change must report to the Registrar’s Office, third floor Seibert Administration Building to record the change. Legal proof is required.

Transcripts

A student’s transcript is a document listing, at minimum, all courses taken and credit hours and grades earned in the courses.

An unofficial transcript may be obtained in the Registrar’s Office for $2.00, or may be printed by a current student from the web for no cost. An official transcript obtained in the Registrar’s Office or sent via regular mail is $5.00. The transcript will be released only upon written authorization of the student and only after payment is made.

Academic Standing

Notwithstanding the Academic Standing policy outlined below, a student admitted with Conditional Admission or Provisional Admission status must meet the specified performance level within the time frame identified in the letter of admission or may not continue to enroll in University courses. Further, the Academic Standing policy inherently presumes the student will first meet satisfactorily any obligations or requirements specified in the letter of admission before the Academic Standing policy shall have any effect on the continuing enrollment of the student.

1. Good Standing
   A student is in good standing whenever the student’s overall grade point average is at least 2.0.
2. Warning
   Whenever the grade point average for any enrollment period is less than 2.0, but the overall grade point average is 2.0 or above, the student will be warned.
3. Probation
   The student will be placed on probation whenever the student’s overall grade point average falls below 2.0.
   A student who is admitted (with Conditional Admission status) to the University on academic probation and receives at least a .01 grade point average, but less than a 2.0 grade point average at the end of the first enrollment period, will be placed on Final Probation. A first semester grade point average of 0.00 will result in Dismissal.
4. Probation Removed
   Whenever the conditions of Good Standing are restored, Probation will be removed.
5. Extended Probation
   The student will be placed on Extended Probation when, following a semester on probation, the student’s overall grade point average is below 2.0 and the grade point average for the enrollment period is 2.0 or above.
6. Final Probation
   The student will be placed on Final Probation when, following a semester on Extended Probation, the student’s overall grade point average is below 2.0 and the student’s grade point average for the enrollment period is 2.0 or above.
7. Dismissal
   Students on Probation or Extended Probation who fail to achieve at least a 2.0 grade point average for the enrollment period, or students on Final Probation who fail to achieve a 2.0 overall grade point average will be dismissed from the University.

Attendance

Students are responsible directly to their instructors for class and laboratory attendance, and for petitions to excuse absences.

Course Grades and Grading System

The student receives one grade in each course taken. This grade combines the results of course work, tests, and final examinations. Grades are indicated by letters, to each of which is assigned a certain value in honor points per hour of credit, as shown in the table below.

Credit/No Credit System

The regulations of a system supplementing the A, B, C, D, and E grading system for undergraduate students but not replacing it, except as the student wishes, are as follows:

1. The name of the program shall be “Credit/No Credit.”
2. “Credit” will be posted for each undergraduate student who earns the grade of “C” or better. “No Credit” will be posted for any grade below a “C.” Faculty members will not be notified whether a student is taking a course for a grade or for Credit/No Credit.
3. A student may elect for “Credit/No Credit” any course approved for General Education or General Physical Education credit, as well as other courses not counting toward his/her major or specified in his/her curriculum as defined in the University Undergraduate Catalog. Intern Teaching, a required course, is, however, taken on a credit/no credit basis.
   Acceptance of “Credit/No Credit” in required courses may be permitted on an individual basis by the head of the department or dean of the college requiring the course.
4. A student may change only during the drop/add period from “Credit/No Credit” to letter grade or from letter grade to “Credit/No Credit.”
5. All undergraduate students, regardless of classification or probationary status, will be allowed to enroll “Credit/No Credit.”
6. “Credit/No Credit” courses, while counting toward a degree, will not be used to determine the overall grade point average (GPA) of the individual student.

Important: Students should be fully aware of the implications of this system for acceptance in graduate schools. It has been ascertained that most graduate schools will accept students who have elected to take courses on a “Credit/No Credit” basis, but that if courses taken on this basis are sufficient in number on the transcript, the Graduate Record Examination may be utilized to determine the student’s acceptability. Graduate schools, in general, do tend to favor those applicants who have good letter grades on their transcripts.

“I” Incomplete

This is a temporary grade, which the instructor may give to an undergraduate student when illness, necessary absence, or other reasons beyond the control of the student prevent completion of course requirements by the end of the semester or session. The grade of “I” (Incomplete) may not be given as a substitute for a failing grade.

A grade of “I” must be removed by the instructor who gave it or, in exceptional circumstances, by the department chairperson. If the unfinished work is not completed and the “I” grade removed within one calendar year of the assignment of the “I,” the grade shall be converted to an “E” (failure). Students who receive an incomplete grade in a course must not reregister for the course in order to remove the “I.”

An instructor who assigns a grade of “I” will complete an official Report of Incomplete Work form indicating the remaining requirement for removal of the incomplete grade and indicating the time allowed, if less than one full year. The instructor will retain a copy for his/her own records and submit a copy to the departmental office. The remaining copies will be returned to the Registrar’s Office, which will provide the student with a copy.

“W”—Offical Withdrawal

A grade of “W” is given in a course when a student officially withdraws from that course or from the University before the final withdrawal date in the semester or session specified in the Registration Information booklet. The “W” is a non-punitive grade.

“X”—(Failure) Unofficial Withdrawal

The symbol “X” is used to indicate that a student has never attended class or has discontinued attendance and does not qualify for the grade of ” I.” The “X” will be computed into the student’s grade point average, as a 0.0, the same as an ‘E’.

Grade Change

A student who believes an error has been made in the assignment of a grade must follow the procedures described in Students Rights and Responsibilities, “Course Grade and Program Dismissal Appeals.” The policy describes the appeal procedures, the stages of appeal, and the time deadlines for submitting the appeal at the various stages.

Grade Point Average

A grade point average is obtained by dividing the total number of honor points earned by the total number of semester hours of work for which the student is officially enrolled during any period. For example, a total of thirty-two honor points earned in a semester by a student officially enrolled for sixteen hours of work, gives a grade point average of 32 ÷ 16 or 2.0 for the semester.

Honor Points

The number of honor points earned in a course is the number of semester hour credits given by the course multiplied by the honor points assigned to the grade earned in the course. (See the “Grading System” table above.) For example, a grade of B (3 honor points) in a 4 credit hour course gives 4 x 3, or 12 honor points.

Credit by Examination

Advanced Placement Program (AP)

Western Michigan University participates in the Advanced Placement Program (AP) of the College Board. Students with scores of at least 3 (4 or 5 in the case of Physics) on any AP exam will receive college credit in the appropriate subject. Students should have College Grade Reports of their test scores sent to the Office of Admissions at Western Michigan University (college code 1902).

After AP College Grade Reports of examination scores are received and evaluated, the Office of Admissions and Orientation will notify students of the specific decisions regarding any credit award. After students’ enrollment at Western, the Office of the Registrar will post course credit to students’ transcripts. For more information on AP score requirements and equivalent credit awarded at Western, visit the Office of Admissions Web site. www.wmich.edu/admissions/

College Level Examination Program (CLEP)

This program gives individuals the chance to earn college credit by examination in a variety of areas of study. There are two types of tests offered—general examinations and subject examinations. Western Michigan University’s credit award policies for each type are noted below. Interested students should check with their WMU academic advisors before making testing plans. Official score reports of CLEP testing should by sent to Western (college code 1902) by the Educational Testing Service (ETS).

General Examinations

1. The general CLEP examination is available only to nontraditional students at WMU.
2. A nontraditional student is defined as a person who has spent a minimum of four years in non-school occupations since attending an educational institution on a full-time (minimum of twelve semester hours) basis.
3. Nontraditional students may take the general CLEP examinations only before completing fifteen hours after entering or re-entering WMU.
4. The following eligibility rules apply to nontraditional students who wish to take the general CLEP examinations:
• Students who have already received credit for a college writing class cannot receive credit by passing the English Composition examination.
• Students who have already received credit in a college mathematics course cannot receive credit by passing the College Mathematics examination.
• Students who have received college credit for two courses in any of three areas, the humanities, social sciences, or natural sciences (excluding mathematics courses), from the Distribution Areas of General Education, or comparable transferred courses, cannot receive credit for the respective examinations.
5. The following guidelines shall apply in the earning of CLEP credit:
• If a student passes the Humanities examination with a score of 50 or above (540 prior to July 1, 2001), three hours of credit will be awarded in Area I (fine arts) of the General Education Program.
• If a student passes the Social Sciences and History examination with a score of 50 or above (520 prior to July 1, 2001), six hours of credit will be awarded to Area V (social and behavioral sciences) of the General Education Program.
• If a student passes the English Composition test (with the writing sample) with a score of 50 or above (550 prior to July 1, 2001; 660 for 1978 through April 1986 testing), four hours of credit will be awarded in Proficiency 1 of the General Education Program.
• If a student passes the Natural Sciences examination with a score of 50 or above (489 prior to July 1, 2001), three hours of elective credit will be awarded in Area VI (natural sciences) of the General Education Program, but will not satisfy the lab course requirement for Area VI.
• If a student passes the College Mathematics examination with a score of 50 or above (497 prior to July 1, 2001), three hours of credit will be awarded in Proficiency 3 (mathematics) of the General Education Program.

Subject Examinations

CLEP subject examinations test specific knowledge areas and, unlike the general examinations, any Western student may take them and receive credit with appropriate scores. The University awards credit to students based on thirteen of the CLEP subject examinations. Students may not receive CLEP subject credit if they have already received college credit for an equivalent course. Interested persons may contact the Office of Admissions (telephone: 269-387-2000) for information on Western’s score requirements and CLEP credit policy.

Comprehensive Examinations

Each department shall have the authority, with the approval of its dean, to establish a procedure for granting credit for any course in that department through comprehensive examinations. All comprehensive examinations should be administered by authorized personnel determined by the department. Each department should determine those courses for which the comprehensive examination procedure applies.

All credit by examination is subject to the following requirements:

1. All credit will be posted as credit only, without grade or honor points. Students who do not achieve a sufficient score for credit will have no entry made.
2. Credit by comprehensive examination in courses numbered 3000 or higher can be used to meet the requirement that one-half of all academic work must be completed at a four-year degree-granting institution.
3. Credit by comprehensive examination can be used to meet all other University graduation requirements, except the minimum residence requirements.
4. Credit by comprehensive examination can be posted only for admitted students who have either previous or current enrollment.
5. All credit by comprehensive examination is normally considered undergraduate credit.

Examination fees are assessed on a credit hour basis and are the same for all students. The current fee schedule: less than four credit hours, $50.00 Four credit hours to eight credit hours, $100.00.

Final Examinations

All students enrolled in a course in which a final examination is given must take the examination.

Student requests for an examination at any other time than that scheduled may not be honored.

Full-Time/Part-Time Student Status

Full-time undergraduate students are defined by credit hours enrolled in a given semester or session as follows:

University Housing has its own regulations on the definition of hours needed to be eligible for housing contracts. Students should contact the University Housing Office for this information. www.studentworld.wmich.edu

The above definitions are Western Michigan University regulations and may or may not be accepted by other agencies.

Honors

Dean’s List

To gain a place on the Dean’s List for a semester, a student must:

1. Have completed at least twelve semester hours of work during the fall or spring semester for letter grade.
2. Have a grade point average of at least 3.50 for the semester.

To gain a place on the Dean’s list for a Summer I or II session, a student must:

1. Have completed at least six semester hours of work during the Summer I or Summer II for letter grade.
2. Have a grade point average of at least 3.50 for the session.

Honors Upon Graduation

Honors are conferred upon graduating students who have displayed a high level of performance during their University career.

Recipients of honors receive their degrees:

Cum laude: when their grade point average is 3.50 to 3.69, inclusive

Magna cum laude: when their grade point average is 3.70 to 3.89, inclusive

Summa cum laude: when their grade point average is 3.90 to 4.00, inclusive

In computing the grade point average for honors, the following rules will apply:

1. All credits and honor points earned at Western Michigan University will be counted.
2. Credits and honor points earned in correspondence and extension classes will be counted toward honors.
3. All students must have earned at least fifty-six semester hours of credits at Western Michigan University, of which fifty must be graded by a letter grade and computed into the final cumulative grade point average.

The graduation program will list as candidates for honors all students who have earned a point-hour average of 3.50 through the next-to-last semester of residence (based on a minimum of forty-five semester hours of credit earned at Western of which thirty-five hours must be in courses with grades.) Final determination of honors and level of awards will be based upon all work and will appear on the final transcript.

Independent Study

Independent Study refers to enrollment in an appropriately designated, variable-credit course for a specific plan of study, authorized and supervised by a designated, consenting faculty member.

Independent Study is not a substitute for regular courses, but an enrichment opportunity. Normally, it is a project designed to allow students to investigate an area of interest not within the scope of a regular course, to probe in more depth than is possible in a regular course, or to obtain an educational experience outside that normally offered by a regular course.

Since individual Independent Study projects are not normally reviewed through the usual departmental and University processes, it is essential that the academic adequacy of such projects be assured by some other means applied consistently throughout the University.

The following policy guidelines are intended to serve that function.

Proposals for Independent Study

Independent Study requires an adequate description of the work to be undertaken, requiring planning in advance of the registration period. Sufficient time, therefore, must be allowed for such planning and for obtaining the necessary faculty and administrative approvals.

While the Independent Study project is normally student-initiated, early interaction with faculty is essential in the development of a mutually acceptable project description. At a minimum, such a description should contain an outline of the study topic, specification of the work to be done and the materials to be read, the credit to be given, the type and frequency of faculty-student contacts, and a statement of the evaluative criteria to be used by the faculty member.

Approval Process

The faculty member must accept and approve the student and the project, and then submit the agreed-upon proposal on the appropriate University form to the department chairperson for approval. If the chairperson approves, information copies of the form must be submitted to the dean and the Registrar.

The granting of approval by the department chairperson may involve considerations, such as faculty workload, which go beyond the merits of the project.

Faculty Responsibility

Independent Study is basically a tutorial process, necessarily involving substantial faculty participation. In that respect, it should be distinguished from “credit by examination,” a different option in which the role of the faculty member is primarily evaluative.

Interinstitutional Study

Western Michigan University undergraduate students may take classes at Davenport College, Kalamazoo College, and Kalamazoo Valley Community College through a cooperative program.

Information and enrollment forms may be obtained from the Registrar’s Office, Room 3210, Seibert Administration Building. Participation is generally restricted to students in good academic standing and to courses not offered at WMU.

Repeated Course

The following is the general University policy regulating repeated courses. Some academic Colleges, however, have a somewhat different policy regulating students in academic programs within those Colleges. You are advised to seek the counsel of the academic advisors in the College advising offices regarding the specific repeated course policy for that College.

Any course in which a student may have been enrolled more than once is considered a repeated course. A grade must be presented for each course, and any course first elected for a letter grade must be elected for a letter grade when repeated.

Only the most recent grade for a repeated course is used in calculating a student’s grade point average. However, if a student receives a letter grade in the first enrollment and then enrolls again in the course and receives a grade of “W,” “Cr,” or “NC,” the previous grade will remain in the grade point average.

The number of times a course can be taken is limited to three, although courses in which grades of “W,” “Cr,” or “NC” are received will not count as attempts in limiting the maximum number of times a student can register for a course. Appeals may be addressed to the department chairperson.

There is no limit on the number of different courses that can be repeated.

A repeated course is not removed from the student’s record. All grades earned are shown on the transcript.

Many graduate and professional schools recalculate the grade point average using grades from all classes taken, including repeats, in determining eligibility for admission. This fact should be carefully considered by students who are attempting to increase their grade point average by repeating courses in which they have received a passing grade.

Repeated Courses in the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Students in the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences may enroll in a course that is required in their curriculum only three times. Any additional enrollments require prior written approval of their department chair.

The rationale for a general education requirement for graduation is based on the educational goals of Western Michigan University. We review these goals before stating the goals of undergraduate general education:

Educational Goals of Western Michigan University

To help each student develop the ability to think critically and objectively, to locate and assess information, and to communicate clearly and effectively in speaking and in writing; to expose each student to the knowledge and insights essential to significant participation in our increasingly technological, interdependent, and rapidly changing world; to assure that each student has the opportunity to examine the central role of ethics and values in the shaping of meaningful lives; to structure the learning experience so that students can appreciate and understand the importance and consequences of our diverse cultural and ethnic heritage; to instill in students a lifelong love of learning and a desire for involvement in the world of learning; and to enable students to acquire mastery of a field of inquiry or profession sufficient for an understanding of its methods, its subject matter, and its future in our world.

An additional basis for the general education requirement is the statement of goals for Western Michigan University contained in the report of the University Committee on Undergraduate Education, published in October 1971:

Goals of Undergraduate Education

The major concern of Western Michigan University is the education of its undergraduate students, and it is committed to provide the environment and the means to enable these students:

1. To assume primary responsibility for their own growth and education, to achieve a genuine sense of competence, and to develop the motivation and ability to perceive and pursue learning as a continuous process.
2. To acquire the knowledge, skills, and will to examine critically [human] experience, especially as that experience relates to contemporary life and illuminates the future.
3. To gain an understanding of the persistent values of their own and other cultures and the ability to respond critically, sensitively, and sympathetically to cultural differences and change.
4. To achieve greater self-knowledge and self-esteem, increased understanding [and] empathy with others, and an enhanced ability to relate positively to their fellow human beings. C.U.E. Report, 1971, p. 13.

Goals of General Education

A bachelor’s degree should signify that the individual to whom it is granted has had a broad and balanced education, as well as concentrated studies in at least one discipline or area of knowledge. It should also signify that the individual has acquired intellectual skills that are applicable across a wide range of endeavors, as well as those narrower skills appropriate to a specialization. Thus the University requires structured plans of study leading toward both a specialized and general education.

Specialized education—the primary objective of concentrated study in majors, minors, and curricula—normally restricts the scope of concern in order to ensure a detailed, specific competence in techniques and subject matter. It seeks to accomplish these ends through a program of study comprising a number of segments (courses) taught by specialists and planned to contribute to the whole; the intended result is a person with particular information and a set of skills and abilities usually shaped by specific job demands and descriptions. Often the goals of specialized education are determined or strongly influenced by external agencies, e.g., accrediting bodies or professional field demands, as much as by the stated goals of the University.

General education, on the other hand, is concerned with the breadth and balance of learning, and with the versatility that comes with proficiency in intellectual skills that have universal application. General education should develop each student’s knowledge, capacity for expression and response, and critical insight to help the student become a capable, well-informed, and responsible citizen of a culturally diverse society in a complex world. To this end, the University’s general education program aims to improve the student’s competence in mathematics and language, both oral and written, and to foster the will and ability to think clearly, critically, reflectively, and with as much precision as the subject allows. While requiring a degree of proficiency of everyone, the University’s general education program enables a student to master foundational intellectual skills through a sequence of related courses.

General education also seeks to extend the undergraduate learning experience beyond particular academic or professional concentrations. It aims to acquaint the student with essential subject matter and methods of knowing in the arts and humanities, the social and behavioral sciences, mathematics, and the natural (including applied) sciences. Moreover, it aims to enable the student to use technology appropriately, and to understand the value of individual health, fitness, and well-being. These aims are based on the belief that such learning enriches human experience and fosters understanding of oneself, others, and the world.

While the two kinds of education can thus be distinguished, they are essentially complementary, not antithetical, elements of an undergraduate education; and courses in each type often contribute to fulfilling the goals of the other. Study in depth can reward the student with a sense of competence and the sobering awareness of how much is yet to be learned in any field, while the broader perspective and the habit of seeking interrelationships enhance the benefits of specialized study. Furthermore, just as specialized programs mandate some breadth in a student’s education, so should the general education program allow some study in-depth.

Structure of the General Education Program

The program has two parts: proficiencies and distribution areas. What follows describes these elements of the program. However, all descriptions of course content and structure presuppose the individual professor’s freedom to teach the course according to personal professional judgment. Stated requirements are not intended to impinge upon academic freedom, but only to specify a range of content within which the course should be structured. Matters of interpretation and pedagogy are the sole prerogative of the individual professor.

Criteria for Selecting and Evaluating General Education Courses

Criteria Applicable to All Courses

1. Courses should further the goals of general education articulated in the introduction to this document. Courses may be those specifically designed for general education, or they may be introductory or intermediate courses in a major sequence so long as they conform to the goals of general education. Advanced courses may be offered for proficiencies 2 (baccalaureate-level writing), 4a (advanced writing), and 4b (optional mathematics or quantitative reasoning).
2. Courses at the 5000-level do not count towards general education. Courses with prerequisites may count towards general education.
3. Grading and the amount of work required of students should be as rigorous in general education courses as in courses for majors. However, course work and teaching methods should be designed to open the discipline(s) to non-specialists.
4. All courses included in general education should have syllabi detailing course content, amount of student work, and grading procedures. Syllabi and other related course materials should be made available to the Committee on General Education (COGE) on request.
5. Departments that offer courses in multiple sections should demonstrate that all sections meet the standards of general education and are comparable with one another.
6. In the case of variable topics courses which may be taken more than once for credit when the subject matter is different, the different course subtopics should be reviewed for general education credit, and not simply the basic courses.
7. Students may receive credit by examination in place of coursework in the proficiencies, but not proficiencies 4a-4g, if the department offering the course provides for credit by examination, and the COGE approves. Placement in a foreign language at a second-year level does not waive the fourth proficiency requirement.
8. Courses approved for general education credit should, if possible, be offered at least once every two years.
9. If a department seeks approval for a course that is other than three credit hours, it should explain the basis for the difference in credit-hour requirements.

Criteria for the Proficiencies

Writing Courses (Proficiencies 1 and 2)

Writing courses that satisfy proficiency requirements should work to develop students’ ability to express themselves effectively in writing. Specifically, college-level writing courses should develop the ability to think critically and reflectively about written material, an awareness of the process of composition, the ability to employ appropriately, though not necessarily faultlessly, the grammatical and mechanical conventions of standard written English, and the ability to organize materials and to develop and support ideas and arguments and express them clearly.

Baccalaureate-level, writing-intensive courses should reinforce the skills acquired in college-level courses and should promote maturity as a writer. They should further the ability to analyze and evaluate writing, the ability to construct and develop a point or idea, the ability to develop organized paragraphs and use appropriate transition devices, and the ability to employ the grammatical and mechanical conventions of standard written English. Papers in every course approved for baccalaureate-level writing must be substantial in nature and length. Instructors and departments will be responsible for determining the format, modes of presentation, technical vocabulary, and research or bibliographic conventions appropriate for writing in their respective disciplines.

These descriptions do not supersede criteria stated in the current University baccalaureate-level writing requirement.

Mathematics or Quantitative Reasoning Courses (Proficiency 3)

Each student must either:

• complete a college-level mathematics or quantitative reasoning course requiring Math 1100 (not satisfied by Math 1110), or its equivalent, as a prerequisite, or
• place into Math 1220/1700 (calculus) or higher on the Mathematics Placement Exam.

Courses satisfying this requirement may be offered in the Departments of Mathematics or Statistics or in other departments that offer courses satisfying the described criteria and requiring the use of the skills of Math 1100 as part of the course content (Math 111 does not satisfy this requirement). These skills are those derived from the study of arithmetic foundations of algebra, properties of real numbers, linear equations and inequalities, and systems of linear equations. Courses satisfying the proficiency must significantly advance students’ mathematical skills and competencies beyond the level of one year of elementary algebra.

Courses that Enhance a Proficiency or Develop Another One (Proficiency 4)

Writing, 4a
Advanced writing courses should promote mastery of the mechanical, rhetorical, or aesthetic conventions of writing.

Mathematics or Quantitative Reasoning, 4b
The second course in mathematics or quantitative reasoning that students may take for general education credit should build upon the skills developed in their required quantitative reasoning course or its equivalent. Courses may be selected from statistics, discrete mathematics, general topics in mathematics, foundational calculus, or other related approved courses.

Critical Thinking, 4c
Critical thinking is the art of reasoning, which may be defined as reaching reasonable and reflective judgments focused on what to believe and do, or on how to interpret others’ words and deeds. Courses in this area should help students become more expert in reasoning when they listen, read, think, evaluate, write, speak, and when they carry out plans of action. To this end, the courses have at least two of these four goals:

• Courses should help students become more skilled in making several kinds of distinctions: between arguments (chains of reasoning) and other information, between conclusions and premises, between the different patterns of arguments, between complete and incomplete presentations of arguments, between strong and weak arguments, and between cogent and ineffective ways of exposing weak arguments.
• Courses should help students become more skilled in resolving differences of opinion by locating common ground, by marshalling arguments, and by becoming sensitive to fallacies and other pitfalls of disputes.
• Courses should sensitize students to methods of overcoming differences that obstruct agreements to cooperate, so that the parties may come to an accord on how to interact with a minimum of dissatisfaction and a maximum consideration of the merits of each side.
• Courses should help students become more skilled in planning tasks involving choices and uncertainties. To develop these skills, students should learn techniques for analyzing and operationalizing the tasks, e.g., formulating objectives, flow-charting, programming, and assessing probabilities.

Oral Communication, 4d
Courses in oral communication should promote a breadth of skills in listening and clear expression in interpersonal or public speaking situations. Courses that satisfy this proficiency should foster the ability to use appropriate listening and expressive skills, to inform and persuade, and to analyze and synthesize for problem solving in interpersonal or public settings.

American Sign Language, 4e
Courses should enable students to recognize, describe, and produce under appropriate conditions the basic grammatical features and vocabulary of American Sign Language with the aim of achieving conversational fluency. Courses should also enable students to recognize and describe the essential features of the culture, education, and communication strategies of deaf people.

Computer Programming and Applications, 4f
Courses are not limited to those offered by the Department of Computer Science.

Foreign Language, 4g
Foreign language courses should develop facility in understanding, speaking, reading, and writing a language other than one’s own. Additionally, these courses should introduce salient features of the culture from which the language derives or in which the language flourishes. Two semesters of college-level foreign language study will satisfy this requirement; students entering the University with college-level knowledge of a foreign language will be allowed to satisfy this requirement by taking two more advanced language courses or by taking two semesters of yet another foreign language.

Criteria for Courses in the Distribution Areas

Area I, Fine Arts

Courses that meet the fine arts requirement should provide experiences and develop skills that promote awareness of the imaginative and inventive capacities of the mind and of the aesthetic qualities of works of fine art. To achieve this goal courses should:

• deal with the arts in a direct, experiential manner, and whenever possible, include attendance and/or involvement in live performances, exhibitions, or arts events;
• entail formal or historical study of an art form or forms through reading, lecture, or discussion, and writing to develop the knowledge and perceptual skills that make for critical response, discernment, and informed evaluation; and
• be designed for the layperson rather than the skilled practitioner.

Courses may focus on the role of an art or the arts in a culture or on the enhancement of life they provide the individual. Courses may introduce students to the practice of an art so long as they meet the three criteria cited above.

Learning Outcomes for Area I

• Explain the role of the arts in reflecting and influencing the human condition.
• Describe the historical context of various art forms.
• Interpret, evaluate, and describe aesthetic experiences and creative activities.
• Demonstrate knowledge of formal and thematic characteristics of different media and genres.

Area II, Humanities

Humanities courses offer the opportunity to study some of the forms by means of which human beings have reflected upon and represented human experience and the varieties of the human condition. These forms are mostly linguistic-literary, philosophic, historiographic, and religious. Sources studied in the humanities courses should be presented in ways that develop appreciation for their intellectual and aesthetic integrity and their imaginative scope. They should be studied in ways that require effort of response and reflection, and expand the students’ critical and empathic capacities.

Learning Outcomes for Area II

• Explain the intellectual traditions that have helped shape present cultures.
• Describe the historical context of various literary, philosophic, historic, or religious works.
• Evaluate qualities and characteristics of works of literature, philosophy, history, or religion.
• Explain the role of at least one of the humanities in reflecting and influencing the human condition.

Area III, The United States: Cultures and Issues

The United States has always been, and will continue to be, a nation of great cultural and human diversity, its citizens deriving from many different religious, racial, and social groups. As the United States, increasingly multicultural and aware of the claims and rights of its diverse citizenry, strives to include all groups fully into the national life, a multicultural perspective needs to be incorporated into a student’s general education. Courses that fulfill this requirement:

• should address the subject within the larger context of United States history and culture;
• should afford students the opportunity for informed reflection upon the cultural and human diversity of the United States. They should develop awareness of the national dimensions of cultural and human diversity and of critical social issues affecting component cultures of our society;
• may focus on one or more of the cultures that comprise our society, studying that culture (or those cultures) in ways that promote an understanding of the perspectives of the group or groups in the national context;
• may reflect upon issues that cut across constituencies, such as those stemming from age, class, disabilities, gender, race, or the dynamics of discrimination;
• may focus on a specific issue such as race relations or the psychology of difference; on a specific perspective such as that provided by women’s writing or the arts of a cultural group; or on distinctive features of one cultural tradition such as musical forms developed by Blacks/African Americans or historic and contemporary institutions of Native American culture; and
• may focus on the ethical, legal, and institutional aspects of the fact of diversity in United States history and culture.

Learning Outcomes for Area III

• Explain the characteristics and historical background of diverse racial, religious, political, and social groups in the U.S.
• Identify issues such as age, class, disabilities, gender, race, or discrimination that have an impact on the cultural life of the United States, and analyze the roles those issues play in U.S. culture.
• Identify some of the historical dynamics (social, economic, political) that have shaped a current social condition (for example, economic and social segregation in U.S. cities or economic inequality) and explain how that dynamic has contributed to that condition.

Area IV, Other Cultures and Civilizations

This area introduces students to the values, institutions, and practices of cultures whose origins lie outside the European cultural arena. The experience of the Western world forms only a part of a much vaster human legacy. This area seeks to broaden perspectives on the human condition by focusing on other cultures and civilizations, singly or comparatively, both as systems unto themselves and as participants in an increasingly interdependent global society. Courses in this area have several of the following characteristics:

• deal systematically with the cognitive and pedagogical challenges of presenting and understanding cultures other than one’s own;
• attempt to acknowledge and utilize multidisciplinary insights of scholars devoted to the study of cultures and civilizations;
• provide an opportunity to step outside one’s own frame of reference by considering human experience and the potential for human achievement from other perspectives;
• emphasize the adaptive nature of cultures or civilizations in response to the challenges of physical environment, intercultural and international relations, and internal social dynamics;
• examine the history, literature, arts, religion, ideas and institutions of other cultures and civilizations;
• stimulate reflection on characteristics of various cultures;
• stimulate reflection on the interaction of cultures and nations in an increasingly interdependent world; and
• explore alternative views of modernization.

Learning Outcomes for Area IV

• Explain the adaptive nature of culture.
• Explain the influence and contributions of at least one other culture and/or civilization.
• Describe the history, literature, arts, religion, ideas, and institutions of at least one culture other than one’s own.
• Compare, contrast, and evaluate two or more different cultures, including one’s own.

Area V, Social and Behavioral Sciences

The courses in the social and behavioral sciences provide students with an understanding of human society, its cultures and environments, or of the dynamics of individuals and groups. The courses may:

• provide a theoretical, empirical, or experimental analysis of the economic, political, communicative, psychological, and other kinds of behavior of individuals and institutions;
• work toward descriptions adequate to the complexity of human beings and their institutions;
• examine the policy implications and service applications of social science in ways that promote critical reflection; or
• focus analytically and critically on the history or prehistory of societies, particularly those not covered in distribution areas III and IV.

Learning Outcomes for Area V

• Describe how geographic, political, and historical processes influence the social and behavioral science issues.
• Examine critically the applications of the social and behavioral sciences for policy and public service.
• Analyze data and draw appropriate conclusions.

Area VI, Natural Sciences with Laboratory

Laboratory courses in the natural sciences which meet the general education requirement require students to interact with objects of nature and to use instruments that permit careful examination of natural phenomena. They require students to use scientific methods to collect and analyze data and to report results. These courses have a laboratory period of at least one hour and fifty minutes per week. Courses must carry at least 4 hours but no more than 5 hours of credit. Area VI is deemed to have been completed satisfactorily if, and only if, the laboratory course and the theory course pertain to the same subject area (i.e., physics, chemistry, etc.). Area VI is deemed to have been completed satisfactorily by three transferred credit hours when those credit hours consist of both a lecture and a laboratory section. The laboratory component of an approved course must:

• be based on direct observation;
• deal with objects of nature and employ appropriate instruments to observe or measure these objects;
• employ scientific methods; and
• have a designated period for laboratory work.

General purpose laboratory courses which instruct in scientific methods independent of a particular science discipline are not eligible for satisfying the general education laboratory sciences requirement. Only discipline-specific courses in the areas of physical sciences, earth sciences, or life sciences satisfy this requirement.

Learning Outcomes for Area VI

• Apply the scientific method of discovery to the study of natural phenomena by critically evaluating and analyzing data and reaching the appropriate conclusions.
• Use scientific concepts and vocabulary to explain and make predictions about natural phenomena in a physical, life, or behavioral science.

Area VII, Natural Science and Technology: Applications and Implications

If students are to understand contemporary life, they should understand the implications of natural science and technology as applied to health, social and economic welfare; the storage, transfer, and processing of information; and the management of society’s impact on the environment with sensitivity to ecological interconnections. Courses in this area should help students attain this understanding and should promote the ability to evaluate and participate in the decisions of society regarding science and technology. Criteria for these courses are:

• A substantial portion of the course work must be devoted to the teaching of the relevant science and technology. Techniques and skills acquired without learning an underlying natural science do not meet this criterion.
• The courses should also explore the costs and benefits of society’s decisions regarding the uses of the sciences they teach.
• A substantial portion of the course should prompt reflection on responsible choices between competing values and interests.
• Although courses will contain a core of natural science, computer science, or the technology based on these sciences, they will explore practical applications and implications by examining some of the following:
• sciences relevant to informed judgment about social and environmental costs and benefits;
• salient history of science and technology;
• assessments, systems analyses, and other quantitative tools;
• considerations of law, rights, ethics, and the political process;
• global challenges (e.g., population growth, climate and atmospheric change, loss of biodiversity, and resource management) involving more than one science and technology; or content from the social and behavioral sciences, humanities, and fine arts.

Courses in this area lend themselves to a multi-disciplinary approach, and may be the sole responsibility of individual instructors with wide competencies, or may be team-taught, or may be offered by a group of instructors, each assuming responsibility for a module of the course.

Learning Outcomes for Area VII

• Describe the history of technological innovation and its impact, both positive and negative, on society.
• Explain the interconnection between the natural sciences and advancements in technology as they impact health, social and economic welfare; the storage, transfer, and processing of information; and the environment.
• Demonstrate the ability to evaluate and participate in making societal decisions regarding science and technology.

Area VIII, Health and Well-Being

Courses which satisfy this area must advance students’ knowledge and ability to influence their own health. Course content should examine national health priorities regarding the reduction of preventable death, disease, and disability among students and must include material on HIV/AIDS, and alcohol and substance abuse.

Courses which satisfy this requirement should improve a student’s capacity to make healthy lifestyle choices. Single-topic courses may not be used to satisfy the requirement, and course content must address a minimum of four areas of health-related issues such as substance abuse, stress-related issues, grief and loss, development of healthy relationships, sexually transmitted diseases, lifestyle related diseases (primarily heart disease and cancer), and the principles of a healthy lifestyle.

Courses may be drawn from any department within the University. A maximum of eight (8) hours of general activity physical education may be applied toward electives for graduation credit.

Students who have completed a minimum of two years United States military service through active, reserve, or national guard duty, will be deemed to have satisfied and will receive two credit hours for Area VIII Health and Well-being of the University General Education Program.

Learning Outcomes for Area VIII

• Identify major health issues affecting students and other people and describe ways of reducing preventable disease, disability, and death.
• Describe the principles of a healthy lifestyle and ways of assessing health risks.